Which side effects are associated with anticholinergic therapy?

• A. Drowsiness and weight gain
• B. Dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation
• C. Nausea and vomiting
• D. Hypertension

Answer: (B)

Anticholinergic therapy blocks muscarinic receptors, lowering parasympathetic activity. That dampens secretions and slows smooth muscle action in the GI and urinary tracts, producing the classic trio of side effects: dry mouth from reduced salivation, urinary retention from relaxation of the bladder detrusor muscle, and constipation from decreased gut motility. These effects are the hallmark of anticholinergic drugs. While some anticholinergics can cause other symptoms like mild drowsiness or flushing, the combination of dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation best fits the typical side-effect profile. Nausea, vomiting, or hypertension are not characteristic primary effects of anticholinergic therapy.