Which outcome is associated with neonatal exposure to benzodiazepines if used during pregnancy?

• A. CNS depression
• B. Hepatic toxicity
• C. Jaundice
• D. Hyperactivity

Answer: (A)

Benzodiazepines cross the placenta and act as CNS depressants in the newborn by enhancing GABA-A receptor activity, which increases inhibitory signaling in the brain. In the neonate, this can lead to CNS depression accompanied by lethargy, hypotonia, poor feeding, and, importantly, respiratory depression. These effects are the most characteristic neonatal outcome after prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines.

Hepatic toxicity and jaundice are not typical immediate effects of in utero benzodiazepine exposure, as they relate more to liver injury or hemolysis rather than the drug’s sedative action. Hyperactivity would not align with the drug’s CNS depressant effect and is more indicative of withdrawal or stimulant exposure rather than direct neonatal CNS depression.